Κολποσκόπηση

Τι είναι η κολποσκόπηση;

Η κολποσκόπηση είναι ένας τρόπος εξέτασης του κόλπου και του τράχηλου της μήτρας μέσω μιας ειδικής συσκευής που ονομάζεται κολποσκόπιο. Υπό άμεση όραση και με τη χρήση ειδικών μέσων (διάλυμα οξικού οξέως-ξυδιού και Lugol) εξετάζονται περιοχές του κόλπου και του τραχήλου που είναι αδύνατον να εξεταστούν με γυμνό μάτι.

Γιατί γίνεται;

Κολποσκόπηση γίνεται όταν τα αποτελέσματα του τραχήλου της μήτρας κατά τον συνήθη έλεγχο ρουτίνας ( test PAP) δείχνουν ανώμαλες αλλαγές στα κύτταρα του τραχήλου της μήτρας. Κολποσκόπηση παρέχει περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα μη φυσιολογικά κύτταρα. Κολποσκόπηση μπορούν επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθεί για να αξιολογηθούν περαιτέρω άλλα προβλήματα:

  • Κονδυλώματα στον τράχηλο
  • Τραχηλίτιδα (φλεγμονή του τραχήλου της μήτρας )
  • Καλοήθης (όχι καρκίνος)υπερπλασία , όπως οι πολύποδες
  • Πόνος
  • Αιμορραγία

Μερικές φορές κολποσκόπηση μπορεί να χρειαστεί να γίνει περισσότερες από μία φορές. Επίσης, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για να ελέγξει το αποτέλεσμα μιας θεραπείας (follow up).

Πώς γίνεται ;

Κολποσκόπηση γίνεται στο ιατρείο.

Η διαδικασία γίνεται καλύτερα όταν μια γυναίκα δεν έχει έμμηνο ρύση και ιδιαίτερα κατά το πρώτο μισό του κύκλου. Αυτό δίνει στον ιατρό καλύτερη εικόνα του τραχήλου της μήτρας. Για τουλάχιστον 24 ώρες πριν , δεν πρέπει να:

  • κάνετε ντους
  • χρησιμοποιήσετε ταμπόν
  • χρησιμοποιήσετε κολπικά φάρμακα
  • έχετε σεξουαλική επαφή

Όπως και στη συνήθη γυναικολογική εξέταση, κολποδιαστολέας θα χρησιμοποιηθεί για να συγκρατήσει απωθημένα τα κολπικά τοιχώματα, έτσι ώστε το εσωτερικό του κόλπου και του τραχήλου να μπορεί να επισκοπηθεί. Το κολποσκόπιο τοποθετείται ακριβώς έξω από το άνοιγμα του κόλπου σας.

Ένα ήπιο διάλυμα ξυδιού θα εφαρμοστεί σε τράχηλο και τον κόλπο σας με μια μπατονέτα ή βαμβάκι. Αυτό το υγρό κάνει παθολογικές περιοχές στον τράχηλο πιο ορατές. Μπορεί να αισθανθείτε ένα ελαφρό κάψιμο.

Λαμβάνεται βιοψία κατά τη διάρκεια της κολποσκόπησης;

Κατά τη διάρκεια της κολποσκόπησης, ο ιατρός μπορεί να δει παθολογικές περιοχές. Λαμβάνεται βιοψία των περιοχών. Κατά τη διάρκεια μιας βιοψίας, ένα μικρό κομμάτι του ιστού αφαιρείται από τον τράχηλο της μήτρας. Το δείγμα αφαιρείται με μια ειδική συσκευή.

Κύτταρα μπορούν επίσης να ληφθούν από το κανάλι του τραχήλου της μήτρας. Μια ειδική συσκευή χρησιμοποιείται για τη συλλογή των κυττάρων. Αυτό ονομάζεται ενδοτραχηλική απόξεση (ECC).

Τι θα πρέπει να περιμένω μετά;

Αν έχετε μια κολποσκόπηση χωρίς βιοψία μπορείτε να κάνετε τα πράγματα που συνήθως κάνετε αμέσως.

Αν έχετε μια κολποσκόπηση, με βιοψία, μπορεί να έχετε πόνο και ήπια δυσφορία για 1 ή 2 ημέρες. Παυσίπονα μπορούν να χορηγηθούν. Μπορεί να έχετε ήπια κολπική αιμορραγία.

Ο γιατρός σας μπορεί να σας προτείνει να περιορίσετε τη δραστηριότητά σας για ένα σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα. Ενώ ο τράχηλος θεραπεύται, θα σας συστήσει, για ένα μικρό χρονικό διάστημα, τα παρακάτω:

  • Μην κάνετε σεξ.
  • Μην χρησιμοποιείτε ταμπόν.
  • Μην κάνετε κολπικές πλύσεις.

Επικοινωνήστε με τον γιατρό σας αμέσως, εάν έχετε κάποιο από αυτά τα προβλήματα:

Βαριά κολπική αιμορραγία (χρησιμοποιώντας περισσότερες από μία σερβιέτα ανά ώρα)

Σοβαρό κοιλιακό άλγος

Πυρετό

Ρίγη

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